Multicolor text in R

Michael Friendly asks an interesting question on the r-help list: how can you generate a title where the words are in different colors, like this:

Hair color and Eye color

(Michael suggests a title like this might serve as an implicit legend for the point plotted in the graph below the title.) 

The title function allows you to change the color of the text using the col argument, but that color is applied to the entire text string -- there's no obvious way to set the color of individual words.

Or is there?  Barry Rowlingson offers an elegant solution that uses the "overhead transparency" principle of R graphics: you can overlay additional graphical elements one atop another, to build up your graph layer by layer.  So you could add the title Hair color in red on the left, and Eye color in blue on the right, and put a black "and" in the middle.  The trick is in the positioning -- it could take a lot of trial and error to get the x position of each element correct.  But if you plot the same text three times in three different colors, but leave some words blank (so they won't overlay previously plotted elements) you don't have to worry about positioning at all.  The phantom notation allows you to do that, as shown in Barry's solution:

plot(rnorm(20),rnorm(20),col=rep(c("red","blue"),c(10,10)))

title(expression("Hair color" *
  phantom(" and Eye color")),col.main="red")

title(expression(phantom("Hair color and ") *
  "Eye color"),col.main="blue")

title(expression(phantom("Hair color ") *

  "and " * phantom("Eye color"),col.main="black")) 

The phantom notation means "leave room for this, but don't draw it" -- see help(plotmath) for other examples. Barry also provides a function multiTitle to create multicolor titles in a single command:

multiTitle(color="red","Hair color", color="black",

  " and ",color="blue","Eye color")

Another solution (suggested by Duncan Murdoch) is to use the strwidth function to calculate the widths of words and use this information to set the x position of individual words, as demonstrated in his technicolorTitle function. However, as this solution is implemented using the mtext function the results can be slightly different to what title usually produces.

You can download the code to create the graph above, and for the multiTitle and technicolorTitle functions here: Download colortitles.R (2.3K)

Comments

[Barry Rowlingson]

All I did was search the R-help archives and find an earlier example of a multi-coloured margin text string using the phantom() function. I'm not that clever! Credit to the original!

[David Smith]

Thanks for the link to the original example, Barry. Credit to you for wrapping it into a handy function, though!

[Romain Francois]

Cool. I saw the question yesterday, and was about to go grid about it. Do you guys mind if I put this on the graph gallery ?

[David Smith]

Please do!

[Jim Crozier]

Thanks David, this is exactly what I needed.

[ch]

Thanks! Really helpful functions.